Design for Manufacturing (DFM): Manufacturing Optimization through Design

In the competitive world of industry and engineering, the search for efficiency is a fundamental pillar for achieving high quality products at controlled costs. Design for Manufacturing (DFM), or design for manufacturing, is positioned as a key strategy to optimize production processes from design conception. In this article we will explore in depth what DFM is, its benefits, fundamental principles and how to implement it to maximize competitiveness.


What is Design for Manufacturing (DFM)?

Design for Manufacturing (DFM) is a design approach that seeks to simplify and optimize a product to make it easier to manufacture. Its main objective is to reduce costs and improve quality by minimizing potential problems during production. This approach involves making strategic decisions from the early stages of design, anticipating challenges that could arise in the manufacturing process. DFM not only impacts production, but also has repercussions on the product life cycle, reducing development times and improving sustainability by optimizing materials and processes.


Benefits of DFM

Implementing DFM in product development offers multiple advantages that are reflected in the final results:

  1. Cost reduction: By simplifying designs and minimizing unnecessary operations, costs associated with materials, processes and labor are reduced.
  2. Accelerated time to market: Solving potential problems before they arise in production speeds products to market.
  3. Improved quality: Optimized designs reduce defects and errors, improving the reliability of the final product.
  4. Sustainability: The optimization of resources and processes contributes to a lower generation of waste and a more efficient use of materials.
  5. Competitiveness: High-quality products, manufactured efficiently, strengthen the position of companies in a global market.

Fundamental principles of DFM

DFM is based on a number of key principles that guide designers and engineers in the creation of manufacturable products:

  1. Design simplification: Reducing the number of components and assemblies reduces complexity and costs.
  2. Use of standard materials: Incorporating standard materials and parts facilitates manufacturing and reduces production times.
  3. Process optimization: Design to maximize the efficiency of available machines and production techniques.
  4. Ease of assembly: Create designs that simplify assembly, minimizing steps and tools required.
  5. Adequate tolerances: Set realistic tolerances to avoid unnecessary costs without compromising functionality.
  6. Cross-functional collaboration: Working closely with production, engineering and quality teams ensures that designs meet manufacturing requirements.

Steps to implement DFM

Implementing DFM in your company does not have to be a complex process if it is done in a structured way. Here is a step-by-step approach:

Initial design analysis

Examines existing or conceptual design and evaluates its manufacturability. Identifies areas that can be optimized to reduce complexities.

Selection of materials and processes

Choose materials compatible with functional requirements and consider the most efficient and cost-effective manufacturing processes for handling.

Simulations and prototypes

Use simulation tools and create prototypes to evaluate how the design will behave in real manufacturing conditions.

4. Collaboration with production teams

Integrate the knowledge and experience of the manufacturing team in the early stages of design. Their feedback is vital to identify potential challenges.

5. Iterative review

It implements changes based on tests, simulations and feedback, continuously optimizing the design to improve its manufacturability.


DFM success stories

Leading companies in industries such as automotive, electronics and aerospace have demonstrated that DFM is a crucial component in their success. For example, by applying DFM principles, one well-known technology company reduced the production costs of a device by 20%, while simultaneously achieving a more robust and easier-to-assemble product.


Protospain: Your partner in DFM

At Protospainwe are experts in Design for Manufacturing. Our team of highly skilled professionals works hand in hand with our customers to optimize their products from the initial design phase to final production. With our advanced tools and results-driven approach, we help transform ideas into high-quality, manufacturable products. If you are looking to improve the efficiency of your manufacturing processes and reduce costs, Protospain.com is the ideal place to start.


Conclusion

Design for Manufacturing (DFM) is a powerful tool for companies seeking to maximize efficiency and remain competitive in a global marketplace. Applying these principles not only ensures manufacturing viability, but also drives innovation and sustainability. Visit protospain.com to find out how we can help you implement DFM strategies that transform your design and manufacturing processes – give your products the competitive edge they need!

Sintering: Innovation in the Manufacturing of Metal and Plastic Parts

The sintering is one of the most advanced technologies in the manufacture of parts, especially in sectors that require high precision and efficiency, such as automotive and industrial engineering. At PROTOSPAINwe have integrated this technique into our processes to offer fast and high quality solutions to our customers.

What is sintering?

The sintering is a manufacturing process that consists of compacting and heating metal or plastic powders without completely melting them. The objective is to fuse the particles together, creating a solid and resistant piece. This process is highly efficient, since it allows the manufacture of components with complex geometries and high precision without the need for subsequent machining.

Advantages of sintering in manufacturing

  1. Waste reduction: By using powders that are compacted and solidified, sintering generates very little waste compared to other manufacturing methods.
  2. High precision: Parts obtained by sintering usually have very tight tolerances, which reduces the need for additional machining processes.
  3. Material flexibility: Sintering can be applied to a wide range of materials, both metallic and plastic, making it ideal for different industrial applications.
  4. Manufacture of complex geometries: This process allows the creation of parts with complicated shapes that would be difficult or costly to produce using other traditional methods.
  5. Competitive cost: As an automated and efficient process, sintering offers competitive costs, especially in the production of short series or prototype parts.

Sintering applications in the automotive industry

https://en.protospain.com/industries/automotive-industry/At PROTOSPAINsintering is a key technology for our customers in the automotive sector. This process is ideal for manufacturing high-precision components used in engines, transmissions and exhaust systems, among others. The ability to produce light and strong parts by sintering is key to improving the energy efficiency of vehicles.

In addition, sintering allows the development of functional prototypes that can be tested in real conditions, which accelerates the innovation process in the automotive industry.

Why choose PROTOSPAIN for your sintering projects?

At PROTOSPAINwe are experts in the rapid prototyping, rapid prototyping and in the production of short series by means of sintering. We have a team of highly qualified professionals and state-of-the-art technology to guarantee the highest quality in each project.

  • Fast lead times: We know that time is a critical factor in the industry, so we offer short lead times without compromising quality.
  • Versatility in materials: We work with a wide variety of materials, adapting to the specific needs of each client.
  • Personalized attention: Each project is unique, and at PROTOSPAIN we make sure to offer customized solutions that meet the highest market standards.

Conclusion

The sintering is an advanced manufacturing technology that offers numerous advantages for the automotive and other industries. At PROTOSPAINwe are committed to offer high quality solutions using this technology, helping our customers to develop innovative products in reduced times. If you are looking for a reliable partner for your sintering projects, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Metal 3D Printing: Innovation and Precision in Industrial Manufacturing

Metal 3D printing or SLM is revolutionizing the world of industrial manufacturing. This process, which until recently was seen as an emerging technology, has matured into an essential tool for industries such as automotive, aeronautics and the medical sector. At PROTOSPAINspecialists in prototype and short series manufacturing, we are at the forefront of this innovation, offering customized solutions that combine high precision and fast turnaround times.

What is Metal 3D Printing?

Metal 3D printing is an additive manufacturing process that creates metal parts layer by layer, using materials such as aluminum, stainless steel and titanium. Unlike traditional methods, which require processes such as machining or molding, 3D printing reduces material waste and allows the creation of complex geometries impossible to achieve with conventional techniques.
At PROTOSPAIN, we employ the most advanced technologies of metal sintering and additive and additive manufacturing technologies to produce functional parts, from prototypes to final products, meeting the most demanding standards of the automotive industry.

Advantages of Metal 3D Printing

Metal 3D printing offers multiple benefits that make this technology an ideal choice for innovative and high-precision projects:

  1. Speed: At PROTOSPAIN, the ability to produce parts in short lead times is one of our main competitive advantages. 3D printing allows fast manufacturing without sacrificing quality.
  2. Cost Reduction: By avoiding the need for molds or tooling, metal 3D printing significantly reduces initial manufacturing costs, especially for short or customized runs.
  3. Total Customization: Each part can be unique, opening up new possibilities for custom design in sectors such as automotive and advanced engineering.
  4. Complex geometries: Design freedom is one of the greatest advantages of metal 3D printing. Parts with complex shapes, lightweight internal structures or integrated cooling channels can be manufactured without restrictions.

Automotive 3D Metal Printing Applications

The automotive sector has benefited enormously from metal 3D printing. 3D printed parts not only accelerate vehicle development, but also improve the performance of key components such as engines and suspension systems. At PROTOSPAIN, we work closely with TIER-1 and TIER-2 manufacturers to deliver parts that meet the stringent quality requirements of the automotive industry. Thanks to our advanced capabilities, we can provide functional prototypes and short series of metal parts with customized finishes tailored to customer specifications.

Metal 3D Printing in PROTOSPAIN

At PROTOSPAIN, we have integrated metal 3D printing as part of our advanced manufacturing solutions. We offer our customers the possibility to produce metal parts with exceptional mechanical properties, both in terms of strength and durability. Our offer includes:

  • High precision metal prototypes
  • Production of small series
  • Customized parts for industrial sectors, automotive and more

Our team of experts works closely with our customers, advising on the design and optimization of parts to fit the specific needs of each project. In addition, we guarantee short lead times without compromising quality.

Conclusion

Metal 3D printing has transformed the way we think about industrial manufacturing. At PROTOSPAIN, we combine our expertise in rapid prototyping with the latest technologies in additive manufacturing to offer our customers efficient and high performance solutions. If you are looking for the best option in metal 3D printing, contact us and find out how we can help you take your project to the next level.

Types of Aluminum and its Uses in the Industry

Aluminum is one of the most versatile and widely used metals in industry due to its combination of light weight, strength, durability and corrosion resistance. These attributes make it ideal for applications in automotive, aerospace, construction, and many other industrial areas. However, there are multiple aluminum alloys with different characteristics and specific properties that optimize its performance depending on the application. Below, we will explore the most common types of aluminum in the industry and their main uses.

Main Types of Aluminum and their Characteristics

Aluminum types are classified into series according to their composition and properties. The aluminum alloys most commonly used in industry belong to the 1xxx, 2xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series, each designed to fulfill specific functions.

1xxx Series: High Purity Aluminum

The 1xxx series contains 99% or more pure aluminum, offering excellent corrosion resistance and high thermal and electrical conductivity. This type of aluminum is ideal for applications requiring high conductivity and low structural strength.

  • Properties: Very malleable and with low mechanical resistance.
  • Uses: Electrical industry (electrical conductors, high voltage cables), containers, utensils and components in corrosive environments.

2xxx Series: Aluminum-Copper Alloys

The 2xxx series alloys include copper as the main alloying element, which provides higher strength and hardness compared to pure aluminum. However, their corrosion resistance is limited, making protective coatings necessary in many applications.

  • Properties: High strength and good machinability; low corrosion resistance.
  • Uses: Aerospace industry, high strength structural components, military and automotive applications.

3xxx Series: Aluminum Manganese Alloys

The 3xxx series is characterized by the addition of manganese, which improves its strength compared to the 1xxx series alloys, while maintaining good corrosion resistance. Although not heat treatable, these alloys are suitable for applications where high ductility and moderate strength are required.

  • Properties: Moderate strength, excellent ductility, good corrosion resistance.
  • Uses: Storage vessels, heat exchangers, cooking utensils, and HVAC systems.

5xxx Series: Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys

The 5xxx series aluminum-magnesium alloys offer excellent corrosion resistance, especially in marine environments, and have a high strength-to-weight ratio. Due to their properties, these alloys are widely used in applications requiring light weight and durability without heat treatment.

  • Properties: High corrosion resistance, especially in humid and saline environments, good weldability.
  • Uses: Shipbuilding, tank fabrication, structural components, transportation and construction industry.

6xxx Series: Aluminum-Magnesium-Silicon alloys

The 6xxx series includes magnesium and silicon as main elements, forming a heat-hardened aluminum structure. These alloys are known for their versatility and balance of strength, machinability and corrosion resistance.

  • Properties: Good mechanical strength, excellent weldability and corrosion resistance, heat treatable.
  • Uses: Transportation structures, automotive components, aluminum profiles, carpentry, and bridge construction.

7xxx Series: Aluminum-Zinc Alloys

The 7xxx series alloys, which contain zinc as the main element, are extremely strong and are among the strongest aluminum alloys. This type of aluminum is highly valued in the aerospace industry and in applications requiring maximum strength and low density.

  • Properties: High mechanical strength, low weldability, low corrosion resistance without treatment.
  • Uses: Aerospace structures, sports equipment components, high strength parts in the automotive and military industries.

Industrial Applications of the Main Aluminum Types

1. Aerospace Industry

The aerospace industryrequires materials that combine light weight with high structural strength. For this reason, 2xxx and 7xxx series alloys are preferred in the construction of fuselages, wings and other critical structural components. These alloys ensure that aircraft maintain their structural integrity while withstanding the extreme conditions of high altitude flight.

2. Automotive Industry

In the automotive sector, 5xxx and 6xxx series alloys are mainly used due to their ability to withstand vibrations, impacts and their high resistance to corrosion. This makes it possible to create chassis, doors and panels that reduce vehicle weight, improve fuel efficiency and ensure greater safety and durability.

3. Construction and Architecture

The 6xxx series alloys are particularly popular in construction due to their excellent weldability and corrosion resistance, making them ideal for supporting structures, building cladding, and windows. Their aesthetic finish and anodizing capabilities facilitate their use in architectural facades and other visible elements.

4. Maritime Industry

Constant exposure to wet and salty environments in the marine sector requires materials with high corrosion resistance. For this reason, 5xxx series alloys are a popular choice for the construction of ships, platforms and marine structures, where aluminum effectively resists the effects of salt water.

5. Electronics and Energy

High-purity 1xxx series aluminum, with its excellent electrical conductivity, is used in electronic and electrical applications such as cables, connectors and heat sinks. Its light weight and conductivity also make it useful in power transmission systems and weight-sensitive electronic components.

Advantages of Aluminum in Industrial Processes by PROTOSPAIN

At PROTOSPAIN, we understand the importance of choosing the right aluminum for each project. We offer rapid prototyping and high precision short series manufacturing, optimizing the use of different types of aluminum according to customer specifications. Our 3 and 5-axis CNC machining 3-axis and 5-axis CNC machiningOur 3 and 5-axis CNC machining, vacuum casting and sintering capabilities allow us to create aluminum components with exacting tolerances and professional finishes, ensuring customer satisfaction in sectors as varied as automotive, electronics and construction.

Conclusion

Choosing the right type of aluminum is critical to optimizing any industrial project. From construction applications to the manufacture of high-strength components for the aerospace sector, each aluminum series offers unique properties that can maximize the performance and durability of the final product. At PROTOSPAIN, our knowledge and experience in aluminum selection and fabrication allows us to offer customized, high quality solutions for any industrial sector.

CNC Machining: Precision and Speed in Prototype and Short-Run Manufacturing

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In the manufacturing industry, precision and speed are key to staying competitive. This is where CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining comes into play, a technology that allows the creation of complex parts with exact tolerances, in an efficient and repeatable manner. At PROTOSPAIN, we specialize in CNC machining for the rapid manufacture of prototypes and short series, both in plastic and metal, with the highest quality.

¿Qué es el Mecanizado CNC?

The CNC machining is a manufacturing process that uses computer-controlled cutting tools to remove material from a solid block and create parts with complex geometries. Unlike manual processes, CNC machining ensures pinpoint accuracy and high production speed, ideal for industries that require functional prototypes or custom part production.

Advantages of CNC Machining in the Manufacture of Parts

  1. High precision: Numerical control allows extremely tight tolerances to be maintained, ensuring that each manufactured part meets exact specifications.
  2. Design flexibility: CNC systems can work with a wide range of materials, from plastics to metals, allowing engineers to design parts with diverse properties.
  3. Production speed: With CNC machining, it is possible to manufacture from a single part to thousands in a short period of time, without compromising quality.
  4. Repeatability and consistency: Once the design has been programmed into the CNC software, the machines can produce a large number of identical parts without variation.

CNC Machining Applications in PROTOSPAIN

At PROTOSPAIN, we use 3-axis and 5-axis CNC machining technology to produce parts for a wide variety of applications. Our customers, TIER-1 and TIER-2 manufacturers in the automotive industry, rely on our services to develop critical parts for their vehicles, such as mechanical components, housings, lightning parts, and structural parts. In addition, we are able to perform high quality surface finishing, which allows us to deliver parts ready for integration or assembly.

Why choose PROTOSPAIN for your Machining Projects?

Our unique value proposition is based on our ability to manufacture from a single piece to large series quickly, with tight delivery times and always guaranteeing the best quality. At PROTOSPAIN, we understand the importance of innovation in the automotive industry, and that is why we adapt to the needs of our customers, offering fast and efficient solutions with our CNC machining technology.

  • Fast delivery times: Thanks to our infrastructure and experience, we can reduce delivery times considerably, without compromising the quality of the parts.
  • Automotive industry experience: We have worked with multiple automotive manufacturers, understanding the specific needs of the sector and guaranteeing solutions tailored to each project.
  • Personalized advice: Each project is unique, so we offer our customers detailed technical advice, optimizing the design for CNC machining and improving production efficiency.

CNC Machining for Automotive Innovation

CNC technology is especially valuable in the automotive industry, where innovation and precision are essential. With our CNC machining services, automotive manufacturers can develop prototype parts for functional testing, as well as produce short series with the same quality as full-scale production. This allows them to improve their development processes and shorten production cycles.

Conclusion

If you are looking for a reliable partner for your CNC machining projects CNC machiningAt PROTOSPAIN we are ready to offer you a complete service from design and prototyping to short series manufacturing with the highest quality standards. Contact us today and find out how we can help you accelerate your development and manufacturing processes.


Call or email us to request more information about our CNC machining services and how we can contribute to the success of your project.

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How to choose the right material for CNC machining

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There are hundreds of metal alloys available for CNC machining. Which one is best for your next project depends on a number of factors, including price, workability, corrosion resistance, strength, weight and aesthetic appearance. To help you choose, here’s a closer look at the ones we use every day and what benefits they may have for your next project.

 

Aluminum 7075
7075 is a superior grade of aluminum, alloyed primarily with zinc. It is one of the strongest aluminum alloys, with excellent strength that allows it to regain its original shape when cold formed. 7075 is machinable and can be anodized.
7075 often hardens to T6. However, it is a poor choice for welding and should be avoided in most cases. We typically use 7075 T6 to make plastic injection molds. It is also used for high-strength equipment, such as automotive and aircraft frames and other stressed parts.
Brass
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. It is a very soft metal and can often be machined without lubrication. It is also highly functional at room temperature, so it is often used in applications that do not require high strength. There are many types of brass, depending largely on the percentage of zinc. As this percentage increases, corrosion resistance decreases.
Brass has a high luster and closely resembles gold, which is why it is often found in cosmetic applications. Brass is electrically conductive but not magnetic, can be soldered and can be easily recycled. Another characteristic of brass is that it does not spark when struck with another metal, which is why it is used in tools in potentially explosive environments. Interestingly, brass has natural antibacterial and antimicrobial properties, and its use in this regard is still under study.
Brass is common in plumbing fixtures, decorative home hardware, zippers, marine hardware and musical instruments.
Magnesium AZ31
AZ31 magnesium is an alloy with aluminum and zinc. It is up to 35% lighter than aluminum, with equivalent strength, but it is also slightly more expensive.
Magnesium is easy to machine, but it is very flammable, especially in powder form, so a liquid lubricant must be used for CNC machining. Magnesium can be anodized to improve its corrosion resistance. It is also highly stable as a structural material and is an excellent choice for die casting.
AZ31 magnesium is often used for aircraft components where light weight and high strength are most desirable, and can also be found in power tool housings, laptop cases and camera bodies.
303 Stainless Steel
There are many varieties of stainless steel, named for the addition of chromium that helps deter oxidation (rust). Because all stainless steels look alike, great care should be taken to test incoming raw material with metrology equipment such as OES detectors to confirm the characteristics of the steel you are using.
To improve its CNC machining, sulfur is added, but it also reduces its corrosion protection.
303 is not a good choice for cold forming (bending), nor can it be heat treated. The presence of sulfur also means it is not a good choice for welding. It has excellent machining properties, but care must be taken with speeds/feeds and sharpness of cutting tools.
303 is often used for stainless steel nuts and bolts, fittings, shafts and gears. However, it should not be used for marine grade fittings.
304 Stainless Steel
This is the most common form of stainless steel, found in a wide variety of consumer and industrial products. Often called 18/8, this refers to the addition of 18% chromium and 8% nickel to the alloy. These two elements also make the material especially tough and non-magnetic.
304 is easy to machine, but unlike 303 it can be welded. It is also more resistant to corrosion in most normal (non-chemical) environments. In machining it must be processed with very sharp cutting tools and not contaminated with other metals.
Stainless steel 304 is an excellent choice for kitchen accessories and cutlery, tanks and pipes used in industry, formula architecture and automotive moldings.
316 Stainless Steel
The addition of molybdenum makes 316 even more resistant to corrosion, so it is often considered a marine-grade stainless steel. It is also tough and easy to weld.
316 is used in architectural and marine fittings, for industrial pipes and tanks, automotive moldings and kitchen cutlery.

 

1045 carbon steel
This is a common grade of mild steel, i.e. non-stainless. It is usually less expensive than stainless steels, but is considerably stronger and tougher. It is easy to machine and weld, and can be hardened and tempered to obtain different hardnesses.
Steel 1045 (in the European standard, C45) is used in many industrial applications, for nuts and bolts, gears, shafts, connecting rods and other mechanical parts that require a higher degree of toughness and strength than stainless steel. It is also used in architecture, but if exposed to the environment, it is necessary to treat its surface to prevent oxidation.

 

Titanium
Titanium is known for its high strength, light weight, toughness and corrosion resistance. It can be welded, passivated and anodized to increase protection and improve its appearance. Titanium does not polish particularly well, is a poor conductor of electricity but a good conductor of heat. It is a hard material to machine and special tools must be used.
Titanium is generally biocompatible and has a very high melting point. Although it is more expensive than other metals in commercial form, it is actually very abundant in the earth’s crust but difficult to refine.
Titanium works well for metal 3D printing(sintered). It has applications in aerospace, military, biomedical and industrial fields, where it resists heat and corrosive acids well.

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Vacuum Casting in Silicone Molds for Prototyping in the Automotive Industry

Vacuum casting in silicone molds is an essential process in the automotive prototyping industry. It enables the fast and accurate production of plastic and elastomer parts that are essential for the development of vehicle prototypes. In this article, this process, its advantages and its importance in the automotive sector will be described in detail.

Vacuum Casting Process in Silicone Molds:

Vacuum casting in silicone molds is a manufacturing process used to reproduce plastic or rubber parts from a master prototype. The process involves the following steps:

  1. Creation of the master prototype*: Initially, a master prototype of the desired part is created using techniques such as 3D printing or CNC machining. This master prototype will serve as a model for series production.
  2. Silicone mold making*: The master prototype is used to create a high quality silicone mold. This mold will be the negative of the final piece.
  3. Preparation of casting material*: The appropriate material, such as polyurethane resins, is selected for casting. These resins are chosen according to the properties required for the final part.
  4. Vacuum casting*: The casting material is poured into the silicone mold, which is placed in a vacuum chamber. The chamber is evacuated to eliminate any air bubbles and ensure uniform distribution of the material in the mold.
  5. Curing and cooling*: The mold undergoes a controlled curing and cooling process to allow the material to take its final shape and reach its desired mechanical properties.
  6. Part removal*: Once the material has solidified, the final part is removed from the silicone mold. This process is repeated as necessary to produce multiple copies of the part.

Advantages of Vacuum Casting in Silicone Molds:

This process has several advantages in the automotive prototyping sector:

  1. Speed: Vacuum casting enables the rapid production of prototypes, accelerating vehicle development.
  2. Accuracy: The manufactured parts are highly accurate and reproducible, which is essential in the design phase.
  3. Wide range of materials: Different materials can be used to simulate the properties of the final parts, which facilitates the evaluation of prototypes.
  4. Cost-effectiveness: Compared to other manufacturing techniques, vacuum casting is a relatively inexpensive process.

Applications in the Automotive Sector:

In the automotive industry, vacuum casting in silicone molds is used for the prototyping of interior and exterior parts, such as control panels, headlights, bumpers, and other components. It allows design engineers to evaluate and refine their designs before investing in expensive tools for mass production.

Conclusion:

Vacuum casting in silicone molds is an essential technique in the development of prototypes in the automotive industry. It provides an efficient and accurate way to produce plastic and elastomer parts, speeding up the design process and reducing costs. Purchasing engineers play a key role in selecting the right suppliers and materials to ensure the success of this process in the automotive industry.

TIPS FOR MOVING FROM PROTOTYPING TO MASS PRODUCTION

Rapid prototypes help you test your design appearance and performance. You can test multiple material options and evaluate your potential market without a large investment in time and money.

Once you are satisfied with your product and are ready to move from prototypes to production, there are several things to make sure of to ensure that the transition to larger volumes is smooth. From PROTOSPAIN we give you five tips to help you optimize the process of bringing your product to market.

1. Choose the right manufacturing process

Metal products

Metal prototypes are generally made by CNC machining or metal 3D printing. Although excellent for some types of prototypes, metal 3D printing is not suitable for production in many cases. Although the technology is advancing, it is still too slow and expensive for larger volumes unless you require complex geometries and lightweight parts.

Most metal prototypes are made by CNC machining and this is a good way to scale volumes over time as demand increases.

For high volume manufacturing, consider die casting. This is the fastest and most economical way to make large batches of identical metal parts. Note that there are design rules for fabrication that must be followed for casting, and you will need to invest in a production tool. But this cost can be recovered in a large production order.

For flat parts, they can opt for laser cutting, which in turn can be bent into three-dimensional shapes. Another technology is stamping and embossing.

Plastic products

If the prototype was made in plastic, it was probably made by 3D printing, CNC machining, polyurethane vacuum casting(Injection molding in silicone molds) or Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) if they are large parts. For larger volumes in plastic, the ideal solution is plastic injection molding.

If the prototype was made in plastic, it was probably made by 3D printing, CNC machining or polyurethane vacuum casting(Injection molding in silicone molds). For larger volumes in plastic, the ideal solution is plastic injection molding.

Injection molding, like die casting, requires strict adherence to design rules that do not come into play when using rapid prototyping techniques. These include the use of ribs and protrusions, minimum wall thickness dimensions, demolding angles, injection point positions, slides, ejector pins and many other considerations.

Therefore, product developers must ensure that their plans take into account the additional cost and time-to-market involved in a transition from one process to another.

2. Prepare a bill of materials (BOM)

Prototypes generally involve only a few finished parts and these have a high unit price.

When it is time to go to production, every element of the assembly must be considered. Every nut, bolt and screw, rubber button or metal clip, even the amount of paint or glue, should be accounted for as a separate cost. More components mean a more complex supply chain, so it pays to keep the design as simple as possible.

Finally, a detailed bill of materials can help you evaluate the amount of labor involved in the assembly process, which can be a significant cost factor.

3. Choose the right material

Sometimes, a prototype is made of an expensive or “exotic” material. This is done to make it a showpiece or to help with a marketing or funding campaign. But exotic materials are not a good choice for high-volume manufacturing.

You should consider using the most common raw materials. They will be less expensive and easier and faster to acquire. More importantly, manufacturers have more experience working with stock materials, so it will be easier to control the process parameters for more reliable results.

4. Choose the right surface finish

A carefully sanded, polished and hand-painted prototype with a custom color certainly looks great. But is that practical on a large scale? Elaborate surface finishes tend to require a lot of attention to detail and careful handwork, something that is not always possible for mass production.

If you need specialized finishing processes, we recommend that you find ways to automate or adhere to one or two finishes rather than multiple finishes. For aluminum parts, anodizing is an attractive and very durable surface treatment and parts can be processed in batches as required without compromising any minimum volume.

5. Certification and testing plan

Unlike prototypes, production parts for commercial sale must be certified under a variety of safety and regulatory schemes. This will depend on many factors, including the environment in which the product is used, whether it runs on electricity and the country where it is sold.

You should be prepared to send finished products to different organizations to obtain certifications and estimate the time and expense of this necessary step.

How to choose the right plastic depending on its use?

When developing a new product, there are many different types of plastic available for use. The choice of the correct one depends on the specific criteria of each application.

In our experience, developers should consider whether the plastic material is food grade, impact resistant, flexible, engineering grade, fire retardant or biocompatible. The following are our recommendations on the most common plastics used for each product requirement.

Food plastics

Plastics used for food production, cooking and storage must meet certain criteria. They must be sterile and not transfer any flavor to the food. They should be non-biodegradable in most cases, non-absorbent and impervious to edible oils and acids.

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is almost ideal in all these categories, which is why it is the most common plastic for food packaging. It is found everywhere for use in water and soft drink bottles and other food containers. It is strong and unbreakable, but also lightweight and easily recycled. PET, in fiber form, is called polyester and is the most common type of man-made fabric for clothing and insulation.

LDPE (low density polyethylene) is used to make food bags and cling film, while HDPE (high density polyethylene) is ideal for plastic cutting boards. PP (polypropylene) is also found in food packaging, such as yogurt cups.

It should also be noted that many engineering grade plastics are also considered food safe, but are only used in food processing equipment or other durable products due to their higher cost.

Impact resistant

Plastic in this category must withstand repeated shocks and return to its original shape without denting or cracking.

ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and HIPS (high impact polystyrene) are used to manufacture power tool housings, tool boxes, luggage, sporting goods and other products that take a lot of abuse but remain rigid. These resin composites can be made even stronger with the addition of fiberglass or carbon fiber.

There is also a large market for transparent plastic as a replacement for glass. PC (polycarbonate) is ideal for motorcycle windshields, plastic eyeglass lenses and lightweight protective shields.

Flexible

All plastics have some degree of flexibility. Many products do not require high strength, but must be flexible without losing their shape completely.

PP (polypropylene) is the king of plastics for making living hinges such as those found in shampoo bottle caps or pill dispensers. This type of plastic can be bent thousands of times before it breaks within the life of the product.

HDPE is more durable for heavy use, so it is found in heavy-duty trash cans that are thrown away a lot. TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) is a type of elastomer. It is elastic and rubbery, so it is used for wheels, sealing rings and gaskets, cable housings and sporting goods. The degree of softness and elasticity is controlled by varying the chemical composition.

Engineering degree

Engineering plastics are crystalline polymers with mechanical properties similar to metal. They are strong and durable like their metal counterparts, while being lightweight and less expensive to produce in large production volumes as we do at Protospain.

This category includes plastic materials such as ABS, Nylon (polyamide), PEEK (polyetheretheretherketone) and POM (polyoxymethylene). All are rigid, temperature resistant and low friction. In addition, PEEK, ABS and Nylon can be 3D printed for even more design options.

Some products made from engineering plastics include ball bearings, gears and shafts, knife handles, plastic gun bodies, switches and other weight-saving parts for automotive and aerospace applications.

Fire retardant

In the presence of a flame or other high heat source, any plastic will melt and some will catch fire. Concern for fire resistance is especially important when plastic is used in a confined space such as the interior of an automobile or the cabin of an airplane.

However, plastics vary in their response to fire. Some are self-extinguishing when the heat source is removed. Others may spread flames vertically or produce hazardous fumes.

The most naturally fire resistant plastic is PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The presence of chlorine helps to strip the fire of oxygen needed for combustion, but, of course, chlorine gas is another serious problem.
The secret to fire resistance is to coat the plastic material with a flame retardant chemical or add impurities to the compound that will help interrupt the combustion cycle. Some of these additives include boron, antimony, chlorine, bromine, aluminum and phosphorus. Because there are so many variables and formulations, it is best to check with the manufacturer to confirm what UL fire safety rating the material has. The highest rating is UL94-VO, which means that the material will not burn, is self-extinguishing and will not drip when melted on the ground.

Biocompatible

The use of plastic components for medical devices and equipment has increased considerably in recent years. To protect patients and regulate the industry, ISO-10993 helps to codify the various medical uses of plastic material.

Resins can be used to manufacture blood stents, artificial joints and bone replacements, catheters, prostheses, infusers, cardiac monitors, valves, tubing, pill dispensers and many more.

It is essential to use the right resin for each application. The ISO guidelines determine the assessment of “biohazard” based on the interaction with the body: permanently implanted, in temporary contact with the skin or for use in medical devices.

Based on these categories, we can suggest the following:

– Short-term contact and skin contact: PE, PS, nylon, PVC, Teflon, PEEK, PP, PPSU
– Long-term contact or internal medicine: PPSU, HDPE, PMMA, epoxy (for dental implants)
– Medical equipment and tools: PEEK, POM, PMMA, PC, PVC, HDPE

What finishes can be done on rapid prototype parts?

Rapid prototyping technologies such as 3D printing, CNC machining, laser cutting and injection molding can produce parts with different surface finishes depending on the manufacturing method and materials used. Some of the most common surface finishes that can be made on parts manufactured using rapid prototyping technologies are described below:

  • Natural finish: This is the most basic finish and refers to the surface of the part as it is produced after the manufacturing process. This finish is typically rough and may have coatings marks, support lines and other fabrication details that are removed in more advanced finishes.
  • Sanding: Sanding is a process that involves the manual removal of surface marks and roughness from the part by the use of sandpaper or sanding tools. The end result is a smoother, more uniform surface.
  • Polishing: Polishing is similar to sanding, but involves a more advanced process that uses polishing tools and abrasive compounds to produce an extremely smooth and shiny surface. This finish is common on parts that require an attractive aesthetic appearance, ranging from a very fine matte finish to a mirror polish. This technique is used for the manufacture of transparent parts.
  • Blasting: This is a finishing process that uses compressed air and abrasive material to remove marks and roughness from the surface of the part. This process can produce a uniform, matte surface, similar to the finish of die casting.
  • Painting: Paint finishing involves the application of a coat of paint on the surface of the part to improve the aesthetic appearance and durability. This finish is common on parts used in consumer and design applications.
  • Anodizing: Anodizing is an electrochemical coating process commonly used on aluminum parts to improve corrosion resistance and aesthetic appearance. This process produces a layer of aluminum oxide on the surface of the part.

In short, there are many different surface finishes that can be made on parts manufactured using rapid prototyping technologies. Each finish has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice will depend on the type of part being manufactured and its intended function. It is important to choose the right finish to ensure that the part has the desired appearance and durability.

From Protospain we can give you the necessary advice to choose the most suitable surface finish for the use you are going to give to the prototype. Do not hesitate to contact us for further information.

 

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